> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.rowbase.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Formulas > Create computed columns with spreadsheet-like formulas ## Overview Formulas let you create computed columns that automatically calculate values based on other columns. If you've used Excel or Google Sheets, the syntax will feel familiar. ## Creating a Formula Column 1. Click **Add Column** in your dataset 2. Select **Formula** 3. Enter your formula expression 4. Name the new column 5. Click **Create** ## Syntax Basics ### Referencing Columns Wrap column names in double curly braces: ``` {{first_name}} + " " + {{last_name}} ``` Column names are case-sensitive and should match exactly: ``` {{First Name}} + " " + {{Last Name}} ``` ### Operators | Operator | Description | Example | | - | - | - | | `+` | Add / Concatenate | `{{price}} + {{tax}}` | | `-` | Subtract | `{{total}} - {{discount}}` | | `*` | Multiply | `{{quantity}} * {{price}}` | | `/` | Divide | `{{total}} / {{count}}` | | `%` | Modulo | `{{id}} % 2` | | `=` | Equals | `{{status}} = "active"` | | `!=` | Not equals | `{{status}} != "deleted"` | | `>` `<` `>=` `<=` | Comparison | `{{age}} >= 18` | | `AND` | Logical and | `{{active}} AND {{verified}}` | | `OR` | Logical or | `{{role}} = "admin" OR {{role}} = "moderator"` | | `NOT` | Logical not | `NOT({{deleted}})` | ## Functions Reference ### Text Functions Convert text to uppercase. ``` UPPER("hello") → "HELLO" UPPER({{name}}) → "JOHN DOE" ``` Convert text to lowercase. ``` LOWER("HELLO") → "hello" ``` Remove leading and trailing whitespace. ``` TRIM(" hello ") → "hello" ``` Join multiple values together. ``` CONCAT({{first_name}}, " ", {{last_name}}) → "John Doe" ``` Get the first n characters. ``` LEFT("Hello World", 5) → "Hello" ``` Get the last n characters. ``` RIGHT("Hello World", 5) → "World" ``` Extract a substring. ``` MID("Hello World", 7, 5) → "World" ``` Get the length of text. ``` LEN("Hello") → 5 ``` Replace occurrences of a string. ``` REPLACE("Hello World", "World", "Universe") → "Hello Universe" ``` Find the position of a substring within text. Returns the 1-based index of the first occurrence, or 0 if not found. ``` FIND("@", "user@example.com") → 5 FIND("world", "hello world") → 7 FIND("xyz", "hello") → 0 ``` ### Math Functions Add multiple values. ``` SUM({{price}}, {{tax}}, {{shipping}}) → 125.50 ``` Calculate the average. ``` AVG({{q1}}, {{q2}}, {{q3}}, {{q4}}) → 87.5 ``` Find the minimum value. ``` MIN({{price_a}}, {{price_b}}, {{price_c}}) → 9.99 ``` Find the maximum value. ``` MAX({{score_1}}, {{score_2}}, {{score_3}}) → 98 ``` Round to specified decimal places. ``` ROUND(3.14159, 2) → 3.14 ``` Round down to nearest integer. ``` FLOOR(3.7) → 3 ``` Round up to nearest integer. ``` CEIL(3.2) → 4 ``` Get absolute value. ``` ABS(-42) → 42 ``` ### Logic Functions Conditional logic. ``` IF({{score}} >= 90, "A", IF({{score}} >= 80, "B", "C")) ``` Returns true if all conditions are true. ``` AND({{age}} >= 18, {{verified}} = true) → true/false ``` Returns true if any condition is true. ``` OR(role = "admin", role = "moderator") → true/false ``` Negate a boolean value. ``` NOT({{deleted}}) → true/false ``` Check if a value is null or empty. ``` ISBLANK({{phone}}) → true/false ``` Return the first non-null value. ``` COALESCE({{nickname}}, {{first_name}}, "Unknown") → "John" ``` ### Date Functions Current date and time. ``` NOW() → "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z" ``` Current date (no time). ``` TODAY() → "2024-01-15" ``` Extract the year from a date. ``` YEAR({{created_at}}) → 2024 ``` Extract the month (1-12). ``` MONTH({{created_at}}) → 1 ``` Extract the day of month (1-31). ``` DAY({{created_at}}) → 15 ``` Calculate difference between dates. ``` DATEDIFF(end_date, start_date, "days") → 30 ``` Units: "years", "months", "days", "hours", "minutes" Add time to a date. ``` DATEADD({{created_at}}, 30, "days") → date + 30 days ``` ## Examples ### Calculate Age ``` DATEDIFF(TODAY(), {{birth_date}}, "years") ``` ### Full Name with Title ``` IF(ISBLANK({{title}}), {{first_name}} + " " + {{last_name}}, {{title}} + " " + {{first_name}} + " " + {{last_name}}) ``` ### Email Domain ``` RIGHT({{email}}, LEN({{email}}) - FIND("@", {{email}})) ``` ### Order Total with Tax ``` ROUND({{subtotal}} * (1 + {{tax_rate}}), 2) ``` ### Status Label ``` IF({{status}} = "active", "Active", IF({{status}} = "pending", "Pending", IF({{status}} = "inactive", "Inactive", "Unknown"))) ``` ## Error Handling Formulas handle errors gracefully: | Situation | Result | | - | - | | Null value in calculation | Usually null (unless using COALESCE) | | Division by zero | null | | Invalid function arguments | null with warning | | Type mismatch | Attempted coercion, null if fails | Use `COALESCE()` to provide default values when dealing with potentially null columns.